Sciatica refers to pain that follows the path of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower spine through the hip and buttock and down each leg. Most people experience sciatica on only one side of the body.
The pain can range from a mild ache to a sharp, burning sensation. Some patients describe it as an electric shock traveling down the leg. Prolonged sitting, coughing, or sneezing often makes symptoms worse.
Symptoms of Sciatica
The hallmark of sciatica is pain that radiates from the lower back into the buttock and down the back of the leg. The pain may extend to the calf or foot depending on which nerve root is affected.
Other common symptoms include numbness or tingling along the nerve pathway, muscle weakness in the affected leg, and a pins and needles sensation in the foot or toes. Some patients find that certain positions relieve symptoms while others make them worse.
What Causes Sciatica?
Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes compressed or irritated. The most common cause is a herniated disc in the lumbar spine that presses against the nerve root. Bone spurs from spinal arthritis can also narrow the space around the nerve.
Other causes include lumbar spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. In some cases, muscle tightness or inflammation in the piriformis muscle can irritate the sciatic nerve as it passes through the buttock.
Our Diagnosis Approach to Sciatica
Diagnosis begins with a detailed history and physical examination. Dr. Sperzel will ask about your symptoms, when they started, and what makes them better or worse. A neurological exam helps assess strength, reflexes, and sensation in the affected leg.
Imaging studies such as MRI are often used to visualize the spine and identify the source of nerve compression. In some cases, diagnostic injections can help confirm which structure is responsible for your symptoms.
Evidence-Based Treatments
Many patients with sciatica improve with conservative care including physical therapy, anti inflammatory medications, and activity modification. When symptoms persist or are severe, interventional treatments can provide significant relief.
Epidural steroid injections deliver medication directly to the inflamed nerve root, reducing swelling and pain. For patients with ongoing symptoms, additional procedures may be recommended based on the underlying cause. The goal is always to reduce pain and restore your ability to move comfortably.
When to Seek Care
You should seek evaluation if leg pain persists for more than a few weeks, is severe enough to limit daily activities, or is accompanied by numbness or weakness. Progressive weakness in the leg or foot warrants prompt attention.
Seek immediate medical care if you experience sudden loss of bowel or bladder control, numbness in the groin area, or rapidly worsening weakness. These symptoms may indicate a serious condition requiring urgent treatment.
